Browsing by Author "Lee, Roxanne"
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Item Evaluating Teleretinal Imaging Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in the Dallas County Hospital System(2018-01-23) Lee, Jessica; Nguyen, Lilian; Lee, Roxanne; Blomquist, PrestonINTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States. Approximately one third of patients with diabetes have diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among US adults ages 20-76 years. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends annual screenings for diabetic retinopathy beginning 5 years after the onset of DM1 and beginning promptly after diagnosis of DM2. Only 60% of people with DM have yearly screenings, which consist of a dilated eye exam. Nonmydriatic digital retinal imaging with remote image interpretation (teleretinal screening) is a promising new technology because it allows rapid retinal imaging without dilation of the pupil in primary care clinics, with the potential to reach more patients, detect disease earlier, facilitate compliance, and reduce barriers to specialized eye care. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetic retinopathy teleretinal screening program and follow-up in a high-risk population. METHODS: Diabetic patients who had teleretinal imaging performed between April 1, 2013 and March 10, 2017 at the community-based primary care clinics of the Parkland Memorial Hospital system were identified through Epic electronic health records. Patient age, sex, screening date and interpretation, completed follow-up eye clinic appointments, and ocular diagnoses were recorded. RESULTS: 1155 patient charts were reviewed and of those, 399 (34.5%) underwent the screening and had a teleretinal image obtained. Of those screened, 279 (69.9%) were referred to optometry or ophthalmology clinic, and 114 (40.8%) were later seen in clinic. The most common reasons for referral were a yellow report without a specific interpretation (83.5%), mild or moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (6.8%), nerve-related disease (4.7%), and red report without a specific interpretation (2.2%). The percentage of agreement for all diagnoses was 76.3% and total sensitivity was 72.7%. Diabetic retinopathy was detected for the first time through teleretinal screening in 44 patients (11.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Teleretinal screening is a useful method for detecting diabetic retinopathy. However improvements need to be made in follow up of ordered screenings, image quality and interpretation, and referral follow-up.Item Minimizing Insertion Trauma with a Novel Shape Memory Polymer Cochlear Implant Array(2016-01-19) Lee, Roxanne; Pham, Tiffany; Ajieren, Hans; Shao, Dongmei; Voit, Walter; Lee, KennethHYPOTHESIS: Novel self-coiling electrode arrays made of shape memory polymer allow for atraumatic implantation of cochlear implants, minimizing loss of residual hearing and maximizing hearing outcomes for cochlear implant patients. BACKGROUND: Cochlear implants are effective devices in improving the hearing experiences of patients with severe to profound hearing loss. However, current cochlear implants are linear and collide with cochlear walls upon implantation into the cochlear spiral. This traumatic contact results in destruction of inner ear structures and a subsequent inflammatory response, leading to loss of residual hearing and submaximal patient outcomes post-implantation. Shape memory polymers (SMP), which can store a metastable shape and return to it in response to a stimulus, can be customized to fit perfectly into a patient's cochlea. Thus, an SMP cochlear implant electrode array can be straight and stiff enough to facilitate implant manufacturing, yet soften upon warming to body temperature and self-navigate through the cochlear spiral without contacting cochlear walls for totally atraumatic implantation. RESULTS: We have created a novel shape memory polymer cochlear implant electrode array that self-navigates through the cochlear spirals to allow for full and completely atraumatic insertion. We have also constructed a robotic linear actuator to provide consistent and controllable insertion of our SMP implants. Histological studies performed on implanted rat cochlea show lack of trauma to inner ear structures in cochlea implanted with SMP implants, indicating the superiority of our SMP implants over more traumatic conventional linear implants. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that shape memory polymers can be used in a novel way to make self-coiling cochlear implants that offer full yet atraumatic insertion, minimizing the adverse side effects usually experienced with implantation of more traumatic conventional linear implants.