Browsing by Subject "Aging"
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Item Aging and apoptosis(1994-07-07) Yarbrough, W. C.Item Aging and the kidney: lessons for health?(2022-04-01) Parikh, Samir M.Item Cardiovascular aging: genes, gender and grumpiness(1997-12-18) Benjamin, Ivor J.Item Cheating death: does the new biology of aging show us the way?(2014-05-09) Bickel, Perry E.Item [Combined efforts](1985-07-18) Anderson, Ron J.This Internal Medicine Grand Rounds protocol is comprised of three sections that follow the title page and the dedication and acknowledgements page. Each section has its own bibliography. All three sections were presented on the same date. Page numbers correspond to the digital page number displayed in the file.Item Dignity in later life (The Daniel W. Foster, M.D., Visiting Lectureship in Medical Ethics)(2023-12-12) Jecker, Nancy S.Some argue dignity is a useless concept that bioethics can do without. Against this view, I show dignity is a central concern for bioethics, particularly for older people. Dignity's importance during later life is part of a broader view I call the life stage relativity of values. It holds that different values emerge as central at different periods of our lives. During early life, caring, trust, and nurturing figure prominently due to vulnerabilities that characterize infancy and childhood. By adulthood, greater physical and emotional independence leads to autonomy and self-reliance taking center stage. During later life, heightened risk for chronic disease and disability makes keeping dignity intact a critical concern. Across the lifespan, the highest value for an individual relates to their life stage circumstances. Ignoring this can lead to life stage bias, especially midlife bias, which occurs when we apply values central during midlife to all life stages.Item The endocrinology of aging(2003-01-23) Parker, Keith L.Item Growth hormone: human tragicomedy in three acts(2010-04-23) Kovacs, William J.Item Growth hormone: normal physiology and changes during aging(1994-11-10) McPhaul, Michael J.Item Kidney and aging: more than what you think you know(2010-06-04) Huang, Chou-LongItem Kidney disease in elderly(2013-10-18) Shastri, ShaniItem Lifestyle Factors Related to Cognitive Aging(2020-08-01T05:00:00.000Z) Smith, Emily Elaine; Rossetti, Heidi; Lacritz, Laura; Hynan, Linda S.; Lamar, Melissa; Smernoff, Eric; Valvano, AbbeyCognitive changes are a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lifestyle behaviors have been associated with a reduced risk of disease onset and slower rate of cognitive decline. Research examining the relationship of lifestyle factors (LFs) to brain health has typically focused on individual factors in isolation (more physical activity (PA) and reduced risk of AD); however, few studies have examined the combined effects of multiple LFs on cognition. The current study aimed to 1) determine which LFs best predict cognition cross-sectionally; 2) derive and compare different approaches to developing a Health Score (HS) to help predict cognition; and 3) discern if a healthy lifestyle was associated with slower rate of cognitive decline. This study included 467 older adults (Mage=83; No Cognitive Impairment=361, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI=94), Alzheimer's dementia (AD=12)) enrolled in a longitudinal (Myears=3.72) aging study with yearly evaluations, including neuropsychological testing, clinical evaluation, and detailed assessment of lifestyle behaviors: diet, PA, sleep, social activities, stress, depression, alcohol, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and APOE genotyping. Cognitive z-scores were derived for global cognition, verbal memory, processing speed, and working memory. HS based on a Scientific (i.e., data driven), Lifestyle/Health (i.e., only healthy lifestyle behaviors), Risk/Disease (i.e., only unhealthy behaviors), or Comprehensive (i.e., all healthy/unhealthy behaviors) approaches were calculated and categorized (Unfavorable, Minimally Favorable, Moderately Favorable, Favorable) based on quartiles. Rate of cognitive change was also calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses in the full sample revealed demographic and lifestyle (i.e., social activities, diet) factors consistently predicted cognition cross-sectionally. In the MCI/AD group, diet, PA and BMI were significant predictors with minimal demographic predictors. HS comparisons via Meng's test revealed a Lifestyle/Health approach as the best predictor of cognition compared to the other approaches. In addition, individuals with HSs in the Favorable category had significantly slower rates of cognitive decline than individuals in other categories. Overall, LFs better predicted cognition than risk factors commonly used in clinical and research settings. Results from this study corroborate prior findings and encourage continued support and resources for lifestyle research and intervention programs to help prevent and slow cognitive decline and AD.Item Medicine in this day and age: addressing ageism in healthcare(2023-12-15) Voit, Jessica H.Item Metabolic Outcomes of Aging and Obesity: A Longitudinal Study of the Dallas Heart Study Cohort(2023-01-31) Davis, Parker; Yokoo, TakeshiSequestration of body fat into subcutaneous and intra- abdominal (visceral) compartments influences metabolic outcomes. Visceral fat contains more proinflammatory cytokines, and is more metabolically active, with a greater propensity for lipolysis. It is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, increased VLDL synthesis, liver insulin resistance, and reduced HDL cholesterol, and more strongly predicts mortality (Tchernof et al., 2013; Browning et al., 2004; Chalasani et al., 2018; Ibrahim, 2009). The purpose of this study is to examine adiposity in subjects of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS1 ran 1999-2000, DHS2 began shortly after) and extend the findings in the prospective, longitudinal Dallas Heart and Minds Study (2020- ), allowing the effects of changes in adiposity to be tracked over a nearly 20-year period. We hypothesize that visceral adiposity increases with age and predicts the development of cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Adiposity analysis was undertaken on DHS subjects who completed an abdominal MRI in DHS1 and unique subjects who had completed a whole-body MRI in DHS2. DHMS subjects were former DHS subjects who had an abdominal MRI in DHS and whole-body MRI in DHMS. DHS subjects were scanned using a 1.5T MRI from diaphragm to pelvis with contiguous 10mm slices. Fat contouring was performed on a single slice at L2-L3 using Medis Mass software; DHMS subjects were scanned similarly. Adiposity segmentations in DHMS were performed on the slice corresponding with each subject's DHS segmentation. A prospective method of fat mass prediction from a single MRI slice was used to convert fat volumes to mass (Abate et al., 1997; Neeland et al., 2016). Changes in subcutaneous and visceral fat between DHS and DHMS were calculated to determine the effects on metabolic health. 135 of 254 contoured DHMS subjects had contours in DHS1/2. DHMS subjects had an average weight gain of 1.245kg, BMI increase of 0.792kg/m2, increase in subcutaneous adipose cross-sectional area of 67cm2, and increase in visceral adipose cross-sectional area of 31.102cm2. The change in weight was significantly correlated with changes in subcutaneous (r=0.74, p=0) and visceral adiposity (r=0.59, p=0). Changes in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity were significantly correlated (r=0.23, p=0.006). Finally, DHMS subjects with HOMA IR >2.73 during DHS1/2 had significant percent decreases in weight (p=0.003), subcutaneous adiposity (p<0.001), and visceral adiposity (p<0.001), in contrast to the trends described above.Item Neural Correlates of Item and Item-Context Memory Encoding(2013-07-29) Mattson, Julia Tang, 1987-; Tamminga, Carol; Rugg, Michael D.; Monteggia, Lisa; Park, Denise C.The neural correlates of the formation of episodic memories -- or memory for an item and its context -- have been studied using a functional neuroimaging procedure known as the 'subsequent memory procedure'. In this procedure, neural activity associated with later remembered versus later forgotten study items is contrasted and the identified brain regions -- demonstrating 'subsequent memory effects' -- can be considered candidate loci of neurocognitive operations supporting successful episodic encoding. The aim of the present work was to disambiguate the neural correlates of item and item-context (source) memory encoding, and investigate age-related differences in subsequent memory effects as well as the relationship between such effects and memory performance. The findings reported in Chapter 2 investigated whether age-related attenuation of negative subsequent item and item-item memory effects extends to the encoding of item-context memories. It is demonstrated that, unlike negative effects for item and item-item memory, encoding of negative effects for item-context associations does not attenuate with age and the level of disengagement of neural regions promotes better memory performance. The findings reported (from the same fMRI experiment as Chapter 2) in Chapter 3 addressed the question of whether the phenomenon of age-related over-recruitment of frontal regions during encoding extends to encoding of non-verbal materials. It is found that, contrary to prior studies utilizing verbal materials, recruitment of the right frontal cortex in task-stimuli combinations that promote bilateral effects in young subjects is beneficial for memory encoding. The experiment in Chapter 4 aimed to elucidate differences in the encoding of different context types. The results of this study suggest that negative effects differ depending on the type of source feature being encoded. The findings from these studies shed light on the circumstances under which older adults benefit from engagement/disengagement of different neural regions and the circumstances in which age-related changes in subsequent memory effects are observed.Item Neuropsychological Functioning in Aging National Football League Retirees(2020-08-01T05:00:00.000Z) Schaffert, Jeffrey Michael; Cullum, C. Munro; Didehbani, Nyaz; LoBue, Christian; Motes, Michael A.; Hart, John, Jr.Concussive and sub-concussive head impacts sustained over a National Football League (NFL) career have been proposed to increase risk for later cognitive impairment. However, research is generally limited on the neuropsychological functioning among NFL retirees, and no studies to date have investigated the cognitive performance of NFL retirees over time. Study One was a critical review of research on neuropsychological functioning among NFL retirees. Findings were mixed, but studies suggested some NFL retirees have lower verbal memory, confrontation naming, and executive functioning abilities compared to control groups. Investigations of dose-response relationships between cognition and head-injury exposure also generated mixed findings which may be related to small samples, sampling bias, small effect sizes, and the measurement of different head-injury exposure variables. Study Two was a prospective cohort design investigating neuropsychological functioning and head-injury exposure in NFL retirees aged 50 and up. Retirees underwent baseline (N = 53) and follow-up (N = 29) comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations. Cognitively normal retirees (n = 26) were age, education, and IQ-matched to healthy controls (n = 26). Retirees diagnosed with MCI or dementia (n = 27) were matched as closely as possible to a clinical sample of patients with MCI and dementia by age, education, and diagnosis (n = 22). Independent samples t-tests and repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to evaluate neuropsychological scores between groups. Pearson correlations, partial correlations, and quadratic regressions were used to examine relationships between head-injury exposure and neuropsychological scores. Head-injury exposure variables included concussions, number of concussions with loss of consciousness, years playing professionally, games played, games started, and age beginning tackle football. Overall, NFL retirees did not significantly differ on the majority of measures at baseline or on any measures over time compared to their respective control groups. Furthermore, the vast majority of neuropsychological scores were not significantly related to head-injury exposure, regardless of cognitive diagnosis. In totality, findings suggest that NFL retirees do not have lower cognitive functioning compare to non-athlete controls later in life, and that head-injury exposure obtained over an NFL career is not related to cognitive functioning later-in-life.Item [News](1983-12-05) Williams, AnnItem [News](1977-11-23) Williams, AnnItem [News](1983-01-12) Williams, Ann