Browsing by Subject "Anhedonia"
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Item Anxiety and Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder: The Contributing Roles of Neuroticism, Cognitive Control, and Reward Learning(2017-07-19) Liao, Allen; Walker, Robrina; Trivedi, Madhukar; Carmody, Thomas; Cooper, Crystal; Shaw, MeredithHigher levels of anxiety and higher levels of anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are two clinical presentations linked to poorer depression treatment outcomes. However, the mechanisms contributing to these symptom presentations remain unclear. Neuroticism, impaired cognitive control, and blunted reward learning have been suggested to be critical processes involved in MDD, and may help to explain symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia. Using baseline data from individuals with MDD (N=296) in the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study, we conducted a path analysis using structural equation modeling to model hypothesized relationships between the constructs of neuroticism, cognitive control, and reward learning and symptom levels of anxiety and anhedonia. Post-hoc model modifications were performed and relative model fit was compared. Findings indicate that neuroticism was significantly and positively associated with both anhedonia (standardized coefficient = 0.26, p < .001) and anxiety (standardized coefficient = 0.40, p < .001), whereas cognitive control was significantly and negatively associated with only anxiety (standardized coefficient = -0.18, p < .05). Reward learning was not significantly associated with anxiety or anhedonia in the model. These findings suggest that neuroticism may be a potential predisposing factor to both anxiety and anhedonia in MDD, and that cognitive control may be a protective factor to anxiety in MDD. Reducing neuroticism and improving cognitive control through targeted interventions may improve treatment in MDD for those with anxiety and anhedonia.Item Assessing Approach Motivation in Depressed Individuals with a History of Concussion(2020-12-01T06:00:00.000Z) Cecil, Audrey Lorraine; Cullum, C. Munro; Trivedi, Madhukar; Cooper, Crystal; Greer, Tracy L.; Carmody, Thomas; Pop, RaduDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, has been described as a lack of pleasure or interest, though it is a much more complex process than simply lack of pleasure. Anhedonia is made up of anticipation, motivation, enjoyment, and learning related to rewards. When an individual's motivation is impaired, reward perception is blunted as the drive to work for it is reduced. This "approach motivation" is generally subserved by the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, two areas which can be affected in a variety of neurologic conditions, including traumatic brain injury, as these subcortical structures can be affected by pathophysiological sequalae of trauma. To explore this concept, we examined data from a large ongoing study of adult depression (Dallas 2K). A total of 110 participants with depression with (n=40) and without a history (n=70) of self-reported concussion were tested on a measure of approach motivation, the Energy Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). We also analyzed depression symptom severity and the relationship between anhedonia severity to approach motivation on the EEfRT. Results revealed no significant differences between depressed adults with and without a history of concussion on approach motivation. Exploratory analyses revealed differences between high and low depression severity groups, such that high depression severity participants were less likely to select low probability/high reward tasks, but this was irrespective of concussion history. Though the main study results were nonsignificant, exploratory analyses present an opportunity for future direction of studies related to approach motivation and cognition in co-morbid depression and concussion.