Browsing by Subject "Athletes"
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Item Do Concussion History and Gender Influence Neurocognitive Testing Performance(2016-11-21) Borque, Brandy; Silver, Cheryl H.; Cullum, C. Munro; Resch, JacobBACKGROUND: To date, the literature regarding sport concussion (SC) has concentrated primarily on male athletes. Generally, as research on female athletics has increased, there is an overall agreement that female athletes show more impairment post-injury than males. However, more data are needed to determine how SC impacts the female athlete and if that impact is influenced by factors such as age or history of prior concussion. SUBJECTS: Subjects with and without a previous history of concussion at the high school and college level were included and carefully matched for age, gender, height, and weight. After careful matching, five high school athletes with a history of prior SC were compared with five high school athletes without a concussion history, and 14 college athletes with a history of prior SC were compared with 14 matched college athletes without a concussion history. METHOD: Data for this study were acquired from a larger study conducted at the University of Texas at Arlington that examined sport concussion in high school and college athletes. Variables included previous concussion history and baseline scores from the ImPACT test. It was hypothesized that female athletes with a previous SC would show more impairment on baseline neurocognitive measures and would report greater symptom severity at baseline testing compared to athletes without a prior SC. In addition, it was hypothesized that female athletes with a previous SC at the high school level would show more impairment on baseline neurocognitive measures than college athletes with prior SC and that high school players would show greater symptom severity compared to college athletes at baseline. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen on any ImPACT baseline composite scores between athletes with and without a reported history of prior concussion. Similarly, no differences on ImPACT baseline total symptom scores were seen between athletes with concussion versus without a history of prior concussion. Finally, there were no differences on ImPACT composite or total symptom scores between college and high school athletes.Item Good sport and good doctoring: when patients want enhancements, not therapy (The Daniel W. Foster, M.D., Visiting Lectureship in Medical Ethics)(2020-11-10) Murray, Thomas H.We know that athletes, from aspiring teens to professional and aging masters, use drugs to enhance their performance. We know that in almost all sports using performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) is forbidden. Why do athletes use them despite the prohibitions and sanctions if they are caught? Anyway, what's wrong with using PEDs in the first place? If everyone was allowed to use them, wouldn't the competitions be just as fair? How can physicians respond ethically to patients requesting help in obtaining or monitoring their health as they use PEDs? How can our experience with biomedical enhancement in sport help us understand other ways patients ask your help in using medicine to pursue goals well outside the accepted legitimate goals of medicine?Item Neuropsychological Functioning in Aging National Football League Retirees(2020-08-01T05:00:00.000Z) Schaffert, Jeffrey Michael; Cullum, C. Munro; Didehbani, Nyaz; LoBue, Christian; Motes, Michael A.; Hart, John, Jr.Concussive and sub-concussive head impacts sustained over a National Football League (NFL) career have been proposed to increase risk for later cognitive impairment. However, research is generally limited on the neuropsychological functioning among NFL retirees, and no studies to date have investigated the cognitive performance of NFL retirees over time. Study One was a critical review of research on neuropsychological functioning among NFL retirees. Findings were mixed, but studies suggested some NFL retirees have lower verbal memory, confrontation naming, and executive functioning abilities compared to control groups. Investigations of dose-response relationships between cognition and head-injury exposure also generated mixed findings which may be related to small samples, sampling bias, small effect sizes, and the measurement of different head-injury exposure variables. Study Two was a prospective cohort design investigating neuropsychological functioning and head-injury exposure in NFL retirees aged 50 and up. Retirees underwent baseline (N = 53) and follow-up (N = 29) comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations. Cognitively normal retirees (n = 26) were age, education, and IQ-matched to healthy controls (n = 26). Retirees diagnosed with MCI or dementia (n = 27) were matched as closely as possible to a clinical sample of patients with MCI and dementia by age, education, and diagnosis (n = 22). Independent samples t-tests and repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to evaluate neuropsychological scores between groups. Pearson correlations, partial correlations, and quadratic regressions were used to examine relationships between head-injury exposure and neuropsychological scores. Head-injury exposure variables included concussions, number of concussions with loss of consciousness, years playing professionally, games played, games started, and age beginning tackle football. Overall, NFL retirees did not significantly differ on the majority of measures at baseline or on any measures over time compared to their respective control groups. Furthermore, the vast majority of neuropsychological scores were not significantly related to head-injury exposure, regardless of cognitive diagnosis. In totality, findings suggest that NFL retirees do not have lower cognitive functioning compare to non-athlete controls later in life, and that head-injury exposure obtained over an NFL career is not related to cognitive functioning later-in-life.Item [News](1988-06-08) Rutherford, Susan; Bosler, Tommy JoyItem [News](1975-09-24) Taylor, SilviItem [News](1979-12) Harrell, AnnItem [News](1980-08-11) Williams, AnnItem [News](1984-07-23) Harrell, AnnItem [Southwestern News](1994-12-09) McNeill, Bridgette RoseItem [Southwestern News](1998-12-30) Manley, Jennifer HaighItem [Southwestern News](2005-04-13) Morales, KatherineItem [Southwestern News](1999-05-18) Manley, Jennifer HaighItem [Southwestern News](2000-09-13) Shields, AmyItem [UT Southwestern Medical Center News](2009-09-30) Morales, Katherine