Browsing by Subject "Attitude"
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Item The Art of Observation: A Qualitative Analysis of Medical Students' Experiences(2019-01-22) He, Bowen; Prasad, Smriti; Higashi, Robin; Goff, HeatherCONTEXT: Although the inclusion of arts in medical school curricula has garnered much attention, little is known about the effect of arts-based interventions on the behaviors, attitudes, and technical skills of students. The Art of Observation is an optional elective at UT Southwestern Medical Center in collaboration with educators from the Dallas Museum of Art. We utilized a qualitative approach to describe in-depth how engaging with art influences the development of medical students' observation skills and empathy. METHODS: We analyzed evaluations from 65 medical students who completed the course between 2015-2017. Evaluations contained open-ended questions that asked students to reflect upon their experiences and describe their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings after guided museum visits. Two investigators independently read all evaluations line-by-line and used open coding to generate a codebook, which was refined by consensus and discussed with a third investigator experienced in qualitative methodology. We then employed axial coding to identify sub-themes and discover relationships between the major themes. RESULTS: We report three main findings and several subthemes from the data: (1) Enhanced observation skills: by engaging with art and completing relevant activities, students developed the ability to synthesize a compelling narrative in addition to learning technical skills; (2) Improved physician socialization: students reported enhanced self-awareness, increased tolerance of ambiguity, and development of a humanistic view of medicine, key components of physician socialization; and (3) Reduction in burnout symptoms: students reported an enhanced sense of well-being after each session, which mitigates the process of burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Fine arts can be used to teach technical skills, stimulate personal reflection, and prevent burnout. A meaningful engagement with the arts can play an important role in developing physicians who are observant, empathetic, and more well-rounded.Item Maternal Optimism and Its Relationship to Coping and Illness Management Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes(2010-05-14) García, Ryan Michael; Wiebe, Deborah J.Optimism is an intriguing construct because of its relationships with positive physiological and psychological outcomes in times of adversity, including chronic illness. Coping styles often mediate significant relationships between optimism and these outcomes. Type 1 Diabetes can be difficult to manage for adolescents, and their mothers play important roles in helping and teaching them how to effectively manage their illness. Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes often struggle with psychological adjustment, treatment adherence, and maintaining healthy metabolic control. The relationships between one maternal personality trait, dispositional optimism, and these three key outcome variables with regard to the management of adolescent Type 1 Diabetes were investigated using the Revised Life Orientation Test, Children‟s Depression Inventory, Revised Self Care Inventory, and HbA1c. Adolescent coping style, assessed by a structured Stress and Coping Interview, was investigated as a possible factor mediating the proposed relationships between maternal optimism and the outcome variables. Participants were 130 mother-adolescent dyads. Adolescents were 14.5 years old, 56% female, 93% Caucasian, and 59% were using an insulin pump. Initial correlations revealed maternal optimism was associated with better adolescent adherence and metabolic control, and trended towards a relationship with fewer adolescent depressive symptoms. Relationships between maternal optimism and adolescent adherence and metabolic control remained significant when controlling for maternal trait anxiety and adolescent insulin pump status. However, adolescent coping styles were not found to mediate these relationships. The absence of a mediation role for coping styles may have reflected the presence of very low levels of avoidance coping in the sample. Exploratory analyses examined an alternative mediational pathway, and verified maternal and adolescent reports of adherence as indirect pathways between maternal optimism and adolescent metabolic control. These findings are the first to reveal associations between caregiver personality traits and the health outcomes in those for whom they care, and provide evidence of the potential processes involved. These findings suggest that maternal optimism may serve as a resource during a difficult time of development for adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Item Utilizing Discrepancy Theory to Quantitate Quality of Life in Chronically Ill Children(2007-12-03) Webb, Bryn; Birod, Carlos E.BACKGROUND: Quality of Life (QoL) is a ubiquitous yet poorly defined concept in clinical medicine. Many widely used instruments to measure QoL lack a theoretical basis and therefore may not provide accurate assessment. Multiple discrepancy theory advocates that net satisfaction is determined by evaluating the difference or gap between current life circumstances and a standard of comparison. A QoL instrument based on discrepancy theory has been developed by our research group to evaluate children with chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the parent-child agreement for discrepancy theory items on the GAP QoL Questionnaire for children with chronic illness. DESIGN/METHODS: Children and parents were recruited for this pilot study when attending regularly scheduled appointments in a variety of outpatient clinics at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids). Trained interviewers administered the GAP Questionnaire to parents- and to their children if older than age 10. Children and parents answered the questionnaire blind to each other's answers. RESULTS: 77 participants (28 children, 49 parents: 24 parent/child pairs) were enrolled. The most important items for determining QoL generated by the GAP Questionnaire differed for children and parents (See Table). The overall weighted Kappa value for parent-child agreement on the GAP Questionnaire was 0.349 indicating moderate agreement. Items with the highest agreement were having pets (0.6962), getting along with brothers/sisters (0.5886), and the place religion has in your life (0.549).