Browsing by Subject "Hypoglycemia"
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Item Alcohol withdrawal(1980-12-11) Kokko, Juha P.Item Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia(1963-11-21) Madison, Leonard L.Item Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia and alcoholic ketoacidosis: a review(1977-04-21) Madison, Leonard L.Item Alcohol-induced hypoglycemic coma(1967-11-30) Madison, Leonard L.Item Confirmation of Hypoglycemia in Goat -/- Mice When Total Body Fat Falls below 2% of Body Weight(2013-01-22) Singh, Ashish; Goldstein, Joseph L.; Zhao, Tongjin; Brown, Michael S.Ghrelin is an octanoylated peptide hormone first identified in stomach, with the octanoyl group being essential to its biological activity. The enzyme that attaches the octanoyl group to ghrelin is called Ghrelin-Oacyltransferase (GOAT). By studying mice that have the GOAT gene knocked out (GOAT KO mice), we have shown that these mice develop severe hypoglycemia under a 60% calorie restricted diet. In order for this hypoglycemia to occur, depletion of fat deposits is required. Specifically, GOAT knockout mice will not develop severe hypoglycemia until the total fat mass drops to 2% of the total body weight. These observations were made in 8-week-old mice with an average starting fat mass between 8-10% of total body weight. In our present work, we wanted to know whether we could reproduce the results using older mice with a higher percentage of fat mass. The mice used in this study were 32-34 week old male mice (wild type and GOAT knockout mice, n=8/group), and both groups had an average starting fat mass of 17% of total body weight. We then subjected these mice to a 60% calorie restriction and monitored their fat mass and blood glucose level everyone or two days. For the first 7 days of calorie restriction, both wild type and GOAT knockout mice were able to maintain their blood glucose around 60 mg/dl. After that, the GOAT knockout mice start to develop hypoglycemia when their body fat mass dropped below 2% of the body weight. However, the wild type mice were able to maintain their blood glucose level above 40 mg/dl throughout the course even when their fat mass dropped below 2% of their body weight. The results here further confirm that in order to develop hypoglycemia in the GOAT knockout mice, the fat mass needs to be depleted from these mice during calorie restriction , even in older mice (32-34 weeks versus 8 weeks).Item From Feast to Famine: A Tale of Satiety and Hunger Hormones(2016-04-18) Zhang, Yuanyuan; Repa, Joyce J.; Horton, Jay D.; Chen, Zhijian J.; Goldstein, Joseph L.; Brown, Michael S.Ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly from the stomach. It has a unique octanoylation on Ser-3 by Ghrelin-O-Acyltransferase (GOAT). We have previously shown that Goat−/− mice developed severe hypoglycemia under 60% calorie restriction. Liver autophagy has been reported to play a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose during fasting. The present work was carried out to explore whether autophagy plays a role in the onset of hypoglycemia in Goat−/− mice. We observed a deficiency in autophagy in livers of calorie-restricted Goat−/− mice by showing lower expression level of LC3-II, an autophagy marker. This was further demonstrated by showing 10-fold fewer autolysosomes in livers of calorie-restricted Goat−/− mice as compared to the control mice (20 electron microscopic images analyzed for each group). We then went on to show that the deficiency in autophagy in Goat−/− mice can be restored by infusion of growth hormone. It can also be restored by injections of lactate, a gluconeogenic precursor, or octanoate, a fatty acid that spares the usage of glucose. Protein expression of p- STAT 5, a downstream target of growth hormone action, was significantly lower in livers of calorie-restricted Goat−/− mice, and was restored by infusion of growth hormone and by injections of lactate or octanoate. Protein expression levels of LC3-II and p-STAT 5 showed a strong correlation (r2=0.87, p<10-6) through the time course of calorie-restriction. Considered together, these data suggest that the onset of autophagy during calorie restriction is strongly correlated with the ghrelin-growth hormone axis, and that autophagy plays an important role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during chronic starvation.Item [Hypoglycemia](1958-01-19) UnknownItem Hypoglycemic encephalopathy in the treatment of diabetes(1982-06-03) Unger, Roger H.Item [News](1974-10-28) Fenley, BobItem [News](1980-01-08) Rutherford, SusanItem Paradoxical hyperglycemia and overinsulinization; alcohol-induced hypoglycemia(1963-04-11) Madison, Leonard L.Item The post prandial hypoglycemias: an update on the epidemic of idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia(1979-02-22) Madison, Leonard L.Item The post-prandial hypoglycemias: the epidemic of functional hypoglycemia(1971-04-15) Madison, Leonard L.Item The somogyi phenomenon: sacred cow or bull?(1983-04-14) Raskin, Philip