Browsing by Subject "Personality Assessment"
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Item Investigating Personality Factors in Patients with Asthma(2020-08-01T05:00:00.000Z) Najjab, Aysha Gabrielle; Brown, E. Sherwood; Robinson, Richard C.; Robbins, Mona; Khan, Dave; Palka, JaymeTraits defined by the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality have been linked to physical health, leading to treatment implications and psychophysiological conceptualizations. Previous studies have reported a consistent association between neuroticism and asthma. This study aims to reinforce this finding and further its scope by looking at all five personality traits and lifetime asthma diagnosis. The current study examined associations between personality traits and lifetime asthma diagnosis in a sample of 3,993 participants and, for the purposes of replication, a second sample of 1,692 participant siblings. Personality was measured at a single time point in adulthood (mean age: 53 years), while asthma diagnosis by a medical professional was self-reported across three time points over a range of 54 years. A binary logistic regression was performed to examine the association between FFM personality traits and the likelihood of having endorsed asthma at any time point. Higher scores in the traits of neuroticism (β = 0.024, p = .03, OR = 1.025) and openness (β = 0.041, p < .001, OR = 1.042) were associated with increased risk of lifetime asthma diagnosis, while the trait of conscientiousness (β = -0.034, p = .009, OR = 0.967) was associated with decreased risk of lifetime asthma diagnosis. The associations with neuroticism and openness were replicated in the sibling sample. These findings suggest that research into certain personality traits might help us better understand psychophysiological connections. Neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness might be salient factors in developing asthma education and treatment.Item The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales and Personality Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis(2011-02-01) Rosvall, Traci; Lacritz, Laura H.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system disease commonly accompanied by mood changes and cognitive deficits. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is frequently used in MS but has been criticized for its inclusion of items referring to neurologic content. MS patients may accurately endorse physical symptoms, which may lead to multiple scale elevations due to the extensive item overlap across the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales. Many published studies have documented elevations on Scales 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 in MS. In 2003, Tellegen et al. used factor analysis and a construct validity-guided approach to adapt the MMPI-2 and create a set of Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales that included 388 items. The RC scales have attracted significant attention, with evidence of improved psychometric properties, but also criticism about their conceptual foundations and applications. This study had three broad goals. The first was to compare psychometric properties in the RC and Clinical Scales in an MS sample. Secondly, profiles were examined to compare the association between somatic symptoms and the RC and Clinical Scales. Third, the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and the RC and Clinical Scales was investigated. Scores from the RC and Clinical Scales and several cognitive measures were examined from 84 patients in an outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Results showed higher item-total correlations and lower inter-scale correlations for the RC Scales compared to the Clinical Scales, although internal consistency coefficients were comparable or better for the Clinical Scales. Thus, internal consistency findings were mixed with regard to improvement for the RC Scales, while some evidence of higher discriminant validity was found. Somatic and cognitive symptoms were associated with higher Clinical Scale elevations compared to their RC counterparts, particularly on Scales 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8, which were clinically significant in this sample. Mean RC Scale scores were within normal limits with the exception of RC1 (Somatic Complaints), indicating less psychopathology in the sample than the Clinical Scales would suggest. Findings support the need for cautious interpretation of Clinical Scale profiles in MS and suggest that the RC Scales may be a useful measure with this population.