Browsing by Subject "Social Adjustment"
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Item Facial Asymmetry and Social Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate(2016-08-25) Salemi Milanes, Angela Patricia; Heppner, Celia; Seaward, James; Triplett, KelliBACKGROUND: While orofacial clefts may affect the facial appearance of children and adolescents with this condition, research has yet to examine the impact of facial difference on social functioning in this population. Characteristics of facial appearance, such as symmetry, are important in social interaction. Given that individuals with CL/P often present with a degree of facial asymmetry, their social experience may differ from that of the general population. This study aimed to examine the relationship between facial asymmetry and social functioning in children and adolescents with CL/P. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included children and adolescents seen in a multidisciplinary team clinic at a large plastic and craniofacial surgery center. Data was obtained from children and adolescents with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) diagnosis, between the ages of 8 and 18 years of age. Participants with other complex medical or genetic diagnoses were excluded from this study. Participants were separated into groups based on cleft diagnosis (bilateral CL/P, unilateral CL/P, cleft lip only, and cleft palate only). METHOD: Data was collected via retrospective chart review and included demographic information, medical and surgical history, and responses to self-report questionnaires measuring quality of life (PedsQL). Three-dimensional images of each patient were also taken as part of routine care at each clinic visit. This study utilized measurements obtained from the three-dimensional images, as well as scores on the social functioning scale from the PedsQL. RESULTS: The current study found three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis for facial asymmetry to have high interobserver reliability in the CL/P population. Overall, the current study found that there were no significant differences between diagnosis groups in regard to facial asymmetry scores and reported social functioning. Furthermore, the current study found no significant correlation between reported social functioning and facial asymmetry scores. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that three-dimensional image analysis is a useful and reliable tool for objectively evaluating facial asymmetry in youth with CL/P. The results also suggest that social functioning of youth with CL/P is not significantly associated with facial asymmetry. Future studies should focus on evaluating other factors that may determine social functioning.Item Functional, Psychological and Community Integration Changes Over Time in Persons With Major Burn Injury(2006-05-15) Grace, Sheila Ann Isom; Cromes, G. FredThe purpose of the present study was to measure prospectively the functional, psychological and community integration status of individuals with major burn injury in order to determine the extent of changes over time and how functional and community integration status relates to emotional distress. This study was part of the North Texas Burn Model System Grant funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. Subjects in this study included adults over 14 years of age who met the American Burn Association's criteria for a major burn injury. The Total Body Surface Area burn across the measurement periods in these subjects ranged from 22.4 to 25.2 percent. Data was collected from 356 participants at discharge, 199 participants at 2 months, 255 participants at 6 months, 193 participants at 12 months, 114 participants at 24 months and 41 participants at 36 months. The instruments used in this study were the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS), The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), the Pain Analog Scale (PAS) and the Functional Assessment Screening Questionnaire (FASQ). It was hypothesized that 1) both areas of functioning and community integration would improve as emotional distress abated and that 2) the functional improvement and community integration as well as the lessening of emotional distress would continue over time. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to measure changes over time and a Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test was used to compare results at different time intervals. FASQ and CIQ total scores for individuals exhibiting high versus low measures of emotional distress (with median split of BSI global scores) were compared at each measurement period using the Student's T-test. A statistically significant interaction was found between the variables as predicted; however, the participants in this study appeared to reach a plateau at 24 months after which little change in outcomes was noted.Item University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Group Therapy Outcomes: Social Skills Training for Adults with Mental Illness(2012-12-06) Russo, Amanda; Chiu, Chung-Yi; Casenave, Gerald W.; Rose, LindseyBACKGROUND: Group therapy is an effective method of treating people with various mental illnesses. Social skills training is often used in a group therapy setting to improve the social functioning of people with mental illness, many of whom have social skills deficits. Currently, there is very little literature on how social skills training reduces symptomology, most of which is limited to children or adolescents and people with autism spectrum disorders. The current study looks to determine what, if any, effect social skills training has on alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms in a mixed mental illness sample. SUBJECTS: 23 subjects were recruited from the University Rehabilitative Services to take part in the study. There were 11 males and 12 females divided into two treatment groups named Connections (CG) and Personal and Social Adjustment Treatment (PSATG). METHOD: A one-way paired samples t-test was used to determine improvement between pre and post BDI-II and BAI scores. RESULTS: BDI-II scores were significantly lowered, indicating improvement in depression symptoms. BAI scores were not statistically significant. DISCUSSION: Social skills training does alleviate depression symptoms in an adult mixed mental illness sample. Future studies need to focus on improving anxiety symptoms as well.